Electromagnetic signaling apparatus



ELECIQROHAGNETIC SIGNALIWG APPARATUS Filed Jun@ 2l. 1921 3 Shams-Sham. l

P. J. RUDDY LIELECTHOMAGUEITIC SIGNALING APPARATUS Filed June 2l. 1921 5Sheets-Sheet 2 N. M i924. LSEQ P.J.Runm

ELECTROMAGNETIC SIGNALING APPARATUS Film! Jun@ 2l. 19?] 3 Sheets-Shea?,3

nummmmmuf Patented Nov. ll, 1924.

UNETED STATES PATRICK J'. BUDDY, OF CENTRALIA, PENNSYLVANI,

ELECTROMAGNETIC SIGNALING APPARATUS.

Application filed June 21, 1921.

To all whom t 'may cof/wem.'

Be it known fthat l, PATRICK J. BUDDY, a citizen of the United States,residing at Centralia, in the county of Columbia and State ofPennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful improvements inElectromagnetic Signaling Apparatus, of which the following is aspecification.

One object of my invention is to provide an improved electromagneticsignaling apparatus' which can be used without aerial or ground wires,and for this reason my imp roved apparatus is not subject to t-hedisturbances and disadvantageous conditions present in electromagneticsignaling apparatus now in common use.

Another object is to provide signaling apparatus which can be made incompact form and which can be used without permanent ixtures and forthis reason my improved apparatus can be readily transported.

These objects, and other advantageous ends which will be describedhereinafter, l attain in the following manner, reference being had tothe accompanying drawings in which Figure 1 is a view partlydiagrammatic showing improved receiving apparatus made in accordancewith my invention,-

Figure 2 is an enlarged section of the tuningztube illustrated in Figure1,

igure 3 is anenlarged view of one of the ma etic impulse receiving tubesillustrated in igure 1,

Figure a is an enlarged view of a modified form of one of the magneticimpulsetubes shown in Figure 1,

Figure 5 is an enlarged Vview showing a modified form of the tuning tubeshown in Figure 1,

Figure 6 is a diagrammatic view showin l a modified form of resistancedevice whic Serial No. 479,299.

larly constructed and are preferably made of glass and have at theiropposite ends metallic pole members 11 and 12; said pole members havingdisk portions 18 which are arranged adjacent the opposite ends of thetubes and have stems projecting out of the ends of the tubes. The stems14 of the pole members 11 are connected with electric generatorsillustrated in the form of batteries 15. One or more coils 16 havingmagnetic cores 17 are in circuit with the generator 15 and the polemembersll of the magnetic impulse tubes. rlhe coils 16, as shown inFigure 1, present a constant resistance. However, if desired, I may usea coil such as shown at 16a in Figure 6 in which the resistance can bevaried as will hereinafter be described. As illustrated in Figure 1 themagnetic impulse tubes 10 contain balls of different substances.Forexample the portions of the tubes adjacent the pole members 11 and 12as shown at 18 and 19 contain lead balls; the portions 20 of the tubesimmediately adjacent the portions 18 contain magnetized steel balls andthe portions of the tubes between the parts 2O and 19 contain soft ironballs 21.

l have proved by actual demonstrationv that the arrangement ci theseballs can be varied as will be described in connection with otherligures of the drawing and that the apparatus is operative under thedierent conditions hereinafter described.

A magnetic tuning tube 22, which is preferably made .of glass, containsadjustable pole members 23 and 2t which are connected by wires 25 and 26through the medium of a switch 2'? to the respective pole-members 12 ofthe magnetic impulse tubes 10. lt will be noted that the pole members 11and 12 can be moved inwardly if desired to vary the contact pressure oi'the balls one upon the other and also that the pole members 23 and 24 ofthe magnetic tuning tube 22 can be moved inwardly and outwardly ifdesired. The tube. 22 inthe form illustrated in Figure 1 contains leadballs in the portions 28 and 29 respectively adjacent the pole members23and 24.. The central portion 30y of the tube contains mavnetzed steelballs in the form shown in Figure 1. l

preferably use rods 31 and 32 which passA through the pole members 23and` @and into the mass ci the balls within the tube 22 so that ii thereis any cohering action the balls may be agitated by the reds or theserods may be used for urpose of short-circuiting certain of the Balls tovary the resistance through the mass of balls. The pole pieces 23 and 24through the medium of the rods 31 and 32 are connected to a receiver 33or any similarly acting device. I preferably place adjacent the portions21 of the magnetic impulse tubescontaining the soft iron balls theplus'and minus poles of a magnet 34 so as to magnetically influence thesoft iron balls when the latter are employed as in the form shown inFigure 1. The poles of these magnets can be moved toward or from therespective impulse tubes to vary their magnetic action on the soft ironballs to suit various' requirements in the action of the apparatus.

Referring to the transmitting or sending portion of the apparatus asshown in Figure 7, I employ a tube 35 which will hereinafter be termed amagnetic or transmitting tube; said tube being preferably made of glassand of substantially the same construction and arrangementof parts asthe magnetic tuning tube 22 described in connection with Figure 1. Thismagnetic tube 35 includes pole members 3.6 and 37. The parts 38 and 39of the tube respectively adjacent the pole members 36 and 37 containlead balls' While the intervening central portion 40 contains magnetizedsteel balls. Agitating and short-circuiting rods 41 and 42 preferablyextend through the pole members 36 and 37 into the mass ofY `ballsWithin the tube 35.-

The pole members 36 and 37 through the medium of the rods 41 andv 42 areconnected to the primary coil 43 of a transformer 44 in the .form of aninduction coil; electric generators 45A being included in this circuitand are illustratedin the form of electric batteries. The pole members36 and 37 are also in circuit with sending apparatus illustrated both inthe form of a tele hone transmitter 46 and a telegraph key 4 rEheseccndary .coil 48 of the transformer is in circuit with a 'number ofcoils 49 preferably having magnetic cores 50.

I have found by actual use and demonstration of the apparatus abovedescribed that upon operation of either the telegraphic key 47 orspeaking into the transmitter 46 electro-magnetic waves Willbeestablished and that said electro-magnetic waves will be transmitted andreceived in the apparatus described in connection with 1 so as to berendered audible in the receiver 33.

, By having the coils with magnetic cores in circuit with the batteriesand ma etic receiving tubes 10, the wave length Wil harmonize `with theincoming vvave from the transmitting apparatus described in connectionwith Figure 7 when the iatter is positioned as a distant station or inother words is located at a f from the above mentioned apparatus. Themagnetic cores of either the coils 16 or 16a cause the operation with aless number of coils than if ythe cores are not present. It will benoted that by having the lead balls adjacent the pole members Ain themagnetic impulse tubes the same serve as means for storing up currentwhich is liberated When the magnetic impulse tubes are affected by theincoming Waves so that When'the other poles such as the magnetized steeland soft iron balls are moved, the current thus stored will be liberatedto augment or increase the intensity of the current and action upon thereceiver. Also the provision of these lead balls` causes the balls morenearly adjacent the middle of the length of the magnetic impulse tubesto be more active which is the desirable 'condition in order to receivethe incoming wave from the side of the magnetic tubes.

As shown in Figure 4, I have illustrated another arrangement of theballswithin the magnetic tube in which soft iron balls are placedadjacent the poles of the tube as shown at 51 and 52; the central andmajor portion 53'of the tube between the soft iron balls being made upof magnetized steel balls mixed with lead balls. In this construction `Ipreferably use approximately 7 0 per cent of magnetized steel ballsmixed with 20 per cent of lead balls and 5 per cent of soft iron ballsadjacent the opposite ends of the tube. I have foundthat this lattermentioned arrangement is also advantageous in the construction of themagnetic tuning tube of the receiving apparatus and the-magnetictransmitting tube of the transmitting apparatus.

In Figure 5, I have illustrated the magnetic tuning tube of thereceiving apparatus including the portions 54 and 55 adjacent the polesas containing 5 per cent of soft iron balls and the central portion 56of the tube containing a mixture of per cent steel balls and 20 per centlead balls.

In Figure 8, I have illustrated the portions 57 and 58adjacent the polesas containing 5 per cent Vof soft iron balls and the central portion 59containing a mixture of 70 per cent of magnetized steel balls and 20'per cent of lead balls. I have also found that by mixing the magnetizedsteel balls and the lead balls there is less possibility of themagnetized steel balls adhering to each other and the device can beoperated without constant shaking of the tubes to separate themagnetized steel balls after the impulse is received. By moving the rods31 and 41 inward or outward, the radius of the signaling apparatus maybe varied. When these rods are drawn out to their limit of movement, theradius is" iong. When they are pushed in the radiusis short. lit `willbefurther noted that when the soft iron balls are employed the lattertake up some of the magnetism 'when used in combination with themagnetized steel balls mixed with lead balls and I have found thatthere' is no need when said latter combination is used to short-circuitthe magnetic tubes or to shake them to get them in operation. I havealso found by actual use and demonstration that the receiving apparatusdescribed in any of its forms is capable of receiving impulses, whichare audible in the receiver, from transmitting stations other than thatdescribed in connection with Figure 7 so that I can employ my receivingapparatus for receiving electro-magnetic signals emanating from stationsequipped with transmitting mechanism now in common use.

lVhile I have described my invention as taking a particular form, itwill be understood that the various parts of my invention may be changedwithout departing from the spirit thereof, and hence I do not limitmyself to the precise construction set forth, but consider that I am atliberty to make such changes and alterations as fairly come within thescope of the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent is l. Radio apparatus including a tuning memberconsisting of a tube of non-conducting material; pole members in thetube; a group of lead balls within the tube adjacent each pole member,and a group of maggetized steel balls between the group of lead alls.

2. Radio apparatus including a timing member consisting of a tube ofnon-conducting material; pole members slidable in the tube; a group oflead balls within the tube adjacent each pole member, and a group ofmagnetized steel balls between the groups of lead balls.

3. Radio apparatus including a tuning member consisting of a tube ofnon-conducting material; pole members in the tube; a group of lead ballswithin the tube adjacent each pole member; a group of magnetized steelballs between the groups of lead balls, and rods extending through thepole members and into the groups of balls.

4. Radio apparatus including impulse members consisting of anon-conducting tube; pole members in the ends of the tube; a group oflead balls within the tube adjacent each pole member; a group of ironballs adjacent each group of lead balls, and a group of magnetized steelballs between thev groups of iron balls.

5. Radio apparatus including vimpulse members consisting of anon-conducting tube; pole members in the ends of the tube; a group oflead balls within the tube adjacent each pole member; a group of lironballs adjacent each group of lead balls; a

group of magnetized steel balls between the groups of iron balls, andmagnetic poles at opposite sides of the impulse members.

6. Radio apparatus including an electric p circuit; a source of currenttherein; magnetic impulse members in series; magnetlc poles disposed atopposite sides ofthe impulse members; receiving means in series, and aytuning member in parallel.

7. Radio apparatus including an electric circuit; a source of currenttherein; receiving means in series therewith, and a tuning memberconsisting of lead and steel balls in parallel.

8. Radio apparatus including an electric circuit; a source of currenttherein; mag-I netic impulse members consisting of lead, iron and steelballs in series with the cir cuit; receiving means in series, and atuning member in parallel.

9. Radio apparatus including an electric circuit; a source of currenttherein; magnetic impulse members consisting of lead,4 iron and steelballs in series with the circuit; receiving means in series, and atuning member consisting of lead and steel.v balls in parallel.

In testimony whereoilz I have signed my name to this specification inthe presence of two subscribing Witnesses. y

PATRICK il. RUDDY. 1Witnesses:

RAYMOND B. Tontas, LYDIA Tontas.

